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ACTA SLAVICA IAPONICA

Volume 16 (1998)

The Regional Problem and the Break-Up of the State:
The Case of Yugoslavia *
Časlav Ocić

The Nature and the Scope of the Regional Problem	Regional Policies and Changes in the Institutional Framework	Regional Development Levels: Grouping of Regions	Structural Change: Shift-Share Analysis	Efficiency: Shift-Share Analysis
Interregional Relations: Autarky	Some Other Results of the Regions' Development	Regional Development Costs: Ratios of Investment	Interregional Income (Re)distribution	(D)evolution
Regional Convergence or Divergence?	Equality: The Failure of the Positive Discrimination Model	"The National Question" and Nationalism	Separatism: Economic and Political	Federalism
A Long Journey from Utopia to Dystopia	Selected Bibliography	Data Sources & Documents	Notes	Appendix (1) (2)

Appendix*

*Source: Statistical Yearbook of Yugoslavia, various issues.

JUG = Yugoslavia; BIH = Bosnia and Herzegovina; CGO = Montenegro; HRV = Croatia;

MAK = Macedonia; SLO = Slovenia; SRB = Serbia; CES = Central Serbia;

KIM = Kosovo and Metohia; VOJ = Vojvodina.

Table 1 YUGOSLAVIA (JUG), ITS REPUBLICS AND PROVINCES (R&Ps): BASIC FEATURES

JUG, R&Ps Area in km² Agricultural Area in Thousands of Hectars Population in Thousands Fixed Assets in Social Sector,1972 Prices Employment (Social and Private Sectors) in Thousands Employment (Social Sector) in Thousands GNP, 1972 Prices GNP (Social Sector), 1972 Prices

1988 1988 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988

JUG 255804 14193 23559 1064827 6884 6715 396627 34929

BIH 51129 2512 4441 163029 1084 1061 50598 42909

CGO 13812 511 632 34717 166 163 7899 7046

HRV 56538 3435 4679 275768 1624 1576 100911 88665

MAK 25713 1292 2089 61830 531 515 22073 19144

SLO 20251 979 1943 178623 862 831 66328 59907

SRB 88361 5464 9775 350860 2618 2569 148818 127258

CES 55968 3094 5831 217943 1739 1713 99094 85365

KIM 10887 511 1893 30306 238 232 8644 6814

VOJ 21506 1859 2051 102611 642 642 41080 35078

Table 2
YUGOSLAVIA, REPUBLICS AND PROVINCES: BASIC FEATURES (in %)

JUG R&Ps Area in km2 Agricultural Area Population Fixed Assets in Social Sector Employment (Social and Private Sectors) Employment (Social Sector) GNP, 1972 Prices GNP (Social Sector) 1972 Prices

1988 1988 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988

JUG 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

BIH 20.0 17.7 18.9 15.3 15.7 15.8 12.8 12.4

CGO 5.4 3.6 2.7 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0

HRV 22.1 24.2 19.9 25.9 23.6 23.3 25.4 25.7

MAK 10.1 9.1 8.9 5.8 7.7 7.7 5.6 5.6

SLO 7.9 6.9 8.2 16.8 12.5 12.4 16.7 17.4

SRB 34.5 38.5 41.5 32.9 38.0 38.3 37.5 36.9

CES 21.9 21.8 24.8 20.5 25.3 25.5 25.0 24.7

KIM 4.2 3.6 8.0 2.8 3.5 3.5 2.2 2.0

VOJ 8.4 13.1 8.7 9.6 9.3 9.3 10.4 10.2

Table 3
R&Ps SHARES IN CERTAIN DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC AGGREGATES OF YUGOSLAVIA (in %)

JUG BIH CGO HRV MAK SLO SRB CES KIM VOJ

Active 1953 100.0 15.4 1.9 23.8 6.8 9.0 43.1 29.8 3.4 9.9

Population 1981 100.0 15.9 2.1 21.2 8.0 9.8 43.1 30.1 3.7 9.2

Agricultural 1953 100.0 17.2 2.5 21.4 7.9 5.9 45.1 29.0 5.7 10.4

Population 1981 100.0 16.0 1.8 15.6 9.2 4.0 53.4 35.4 8.9 9.2

Employment 1955 100.0 14.8 2.2 27.2 6.0 15.0 34.8 23.0 2.0 9.8

1988 100.0 15.8 2.4 23.6 7.7 12.5 38.0 25.3 3.4 9.3

Unemploy- 1955 100.0 8.9 1.4 28.8 14.3 10.8 35.9 21.9 3.8 10.1

ment 1988 100.0 22.7 3.8 11.9 12.4 1.9 47.3 27.5 11.8 8.0

Investment 1953 100.0 20.1 5.1 20.6 8.7 16.0 29.3 24.5 1.2 3.6

(Social and 1987 100.0 14.2 2.0 21.9 4.2 18.2 39.5 27.6 3.2 8.7

Private
Sectors),
current prices

Industrial 1971 100.0 13.0 1.5 26.5 5.2 20.1 33.7 22.7 1.8 9.2

Production 1988 100.0 14.5 1.7 21.9 6.7 17.6 37.6 25.5 2.2 9.9

Agricultural 1971 100.0 11.0 1.5 22.2 6.6 6.8 51.9 27.4 3.3 21.2

Production 1988 100.0 11.8 1.7 22.4 6.6 9.1 48.4 25.6 4.0 18.8

Export 1973 100.0 11.2 2.0 36.3 5.5 19.5 37.1 26.7 1.6 8.0

1988 100.0 13.9 2.0 20.7 5.2 25.6 32.4 22.9 1.6 8.0

Import 1973 100.0 8.5 1.3 24.5 4.1 20.5 28.9 22.1 1.2 5.6

1988 100.0 11.0 1.4 24.3 6.5 21.6 32.3 20.3 1.3 10.7

Table 4
YUGOSLAVIA, REPUBLICS AND PROVINCES: POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLDS

Population per km2 Population per 1 hectar of the Agricultural Land Housholds in Thousands Average Size of the Houesholds (Persons) Life Expectancy (Years) Male Female Male Female Population younger than 20 in total Population,in %

1948 1988 1987 1948 1981 1948 1981 1948 1980-82 1981

JUG 62 92 1.7 3627 6196 4.37 3.62 48.6 53 67.7 73.2 32.7

BIH 50 87 1.8 498 1031 5.15 4.00 40.9 44.3 67.0 73.0 38.0

CGO 27 46 1.2 84 143 4.51 4.09 46.5 52.3 71.9 76.4 37.5

HRV 67 83 1.4 960 1424 3.94 3.23 51.5 56.6 66.6 74.2 28.5

MAK 45 81 1.6 219 435 5.27 4.39 45.9 48.2 68.1 71.8 38.4

SLO 71 96 2.0 381 595 3.78 3.18 52.7 57.6 67.3 75.2 30.7

SRB 74 111 1.8 1486 2569 4.39 3.63 49.8 54.2 68.1 72.7 31.5

CES 74 104 1.9 916 1662 4.54 3.43 49.8 54.1 69.4 73.9 27.4

KIM 67 174 3.7 115 229 6.36 6.92 43.4 47.4 68.1 71.5 52.2

VOJ 76 95 1.1 454 678 3.61 3 52.8 57.3 67.1 73.5 26.7

JUG, R&Ps	Area in km²	Agricultural Area in Thousands of Hectars	Population in Thousands	Fixed Assets in Social Sector,1972 Prices	Employment (Social and Private Sectors) in Thousands	Employment (Social Sector) in Thousands	GNP, 1972 Prices	GNP (Social Sector), 1972 Prices
		1988	1988	1987	1988	1988	1988	1988
JUG	255804	14193	23559	1064827	6884	6715	396627	34929
BIH	51129	2512	4441	163029	1084	1061	50598	42909
CGO	13812	511	632	34717	166	163	7899	7046
HRV	56538	3435	4679	275768	1624	1576	100911	88665
MAK	25713	1292	2089	61830	531	515	22073	19144
SLO	20251	979	1943	178623	862	831	66328	59907
SRB	88361	5464	9775	350860	2618	2569	148818	127258
CES	55968	3094	5831	217943	1739	1713	99094	85365
KIM	10887	511	1893	30306	238	232	8644	6814
VOJ	21506	1859	2051	102611	642	642	41080	35078

JUG R&Ps	Area in km2	Agricultural Area	Population	Fixed Assets in Social Sector	Employment (Social and Private Sectors)	Employment (Social Sector)	GNP, 1972 Prices	GNP (Social Sector) 1972 Prices
		1988	1988	1987	1988	1988	1988	1988
JUG	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
BIH	20.0	17.7	18.9	15.3	15.7	15.8	12.8	12.4
CGO	5.4	3.6	2.7	3.3	2.4	2.4	2.0	2.0
HRV	22.1	24.2	19.9	25.9	23.6	23.3	25.4	25.7
MAK	10.1	9.1	8.9	5.8	7.7	7.7	5.6	5.6
SLO	7.9	6.9	8.2	16.8	12.5	12.4	16.7	17.4
SRB	34.5	38.5	41.5	32.9	38.0	38.3	37.5	36.9
CES	21.9	21.8	24.8	20.5	25.3	25.5	25.0	24.7
KIM	4.2	3.6	8.0	2.8	3.5	3.5	2.2	2.0
VOJ	8.4	13.1	8.7	9.6	9.3	9.3	10.4	10.2

		JUG	BIH	CGO	HRV	MAK	SLO	SRB	CES	KIM	VOJ
Active	1953	100.0	15.4	1.9	23.8	6.8	9.0	43.1	29.8	3.4	9.9
Population	1981	100.0	15.9	2.1	21.2	8.0	9.8	43.1	30.1	3.7	9.2
Agricultural	1953	100.0	17.2	2.5	21.4	7.9	5.9	45.1	29.0	5.7	10.4
Population	1981	100.0	16.0	1.8	15.6	9.2	4.0	53.4	35.4	8.9	9.2
Employment	1955	100.0	14.8	2.2	27.2	6.0	15.0	34.8	23.0	2.0	9.8
	1988	100.0	15.8	2.4	23.6	7.7	12.5	38.0	25.3	3.4	9.3
Unemploy-	1955	100.0	8.9	1.4	28.8	14.3	10.8	35.9	21.9	3.8	10.1
ment	1988	100.0	22.7	3.8	11.9	12.4	1.9	47.3	27.5	11.8	8.0
Investment	1953	100.0	20.1	5.1	20.6	8.7	16.0	29.3	24.5	1.2	3.6
(Social and	1987	100.0	14.2	2.0	21.9	4.2	18.2	39.5	27.6	3.2	8.7
Private Sectors), current prices
Industrial	1971	100.0	13.0	1.5	26.5	5.2	20.1	33.7	22.7	1.8	9.2
Production	1988	100.0	14.5	1.7	21.9	6.7	17.6	37.6	25.5	2.2	9.9
Agricultural	1971	100.0	11.0	1.5	22.2	6.6	6.8	51.9	27.4	3.3	21.2
Production	1988	100.0	11.8	1.7	22.4	6.6	9.1	48.4	25.6	4.0	18.8
Export	1973	100.0	11.2	2.0	36.3	5.5	19.5	37.1	26.7	1.6	8.0
Export	1988	100.0	13.9	2.0	20.7	5.2	25.6	32.4	22.9	1.6	8.0
Import	1973	100.0	8.5	1.3	24.5	4.1	20.5	28.9	22.1	1.2	5.6
Import	1988	100.0	11.0	1.4	24.3	6.5	21.6	32.3	20.3	1.3	10.7

	Population per km2		Population per 1 hectar of the Agricultural Land	Housholds in Thousands		Average Size of the Houesholds (Persons)		Life Expectancy (Years) Male Female Male Female				Population younger than 20 in total Population,in %
	1948	1988	1987	1948	1981	1948	1981	1948		1980-82		1981
JUG	62	92	1.7	3627	6196	4.37	3.62	48.6	53	67.7	73.2	32.7
BIH	50	87	1.8	498	1031	5.15	4.00	40.9	44.3	67.0	73.0	38.0
CGO	27	46	1.2	84	143	4.51	4.09	46.5	52.3	71.9	76.4	37.5
HRV	67	83	1.4	960	1424	3.94	3.23	51.5	56.6	66.6	74.2	28.5
MAK	45	81	1.6	219	435	5.27	4.39	45.9	48.2	68.1	71.8	38.4
SLO	71	96	2.0	381	595	3.78	3.18	52.7	57.6	67.3	75.2	30.7
SRB	74	111	1.8	1486	2569	4.39	3.63	49.8	54.2	68.1	72.7	31.5
CES	74	104	1.9	916	1662	4.54	3.43	49.8	54.1	69.4	73.9	27.4
KIM	67	174	3.7	115	229	6.36	6.92	43.4	47.4	68.1	71.5	52.2
VOJ	76	95	1.1	454	678	3.61	3	52.8	57.3	67.1	73.5	26.7